Form: A 3-dimensional unit within a 3-dimensional composition.





Negative Space: A clearly defined area around a positive shape or form.





Repetition: The use of the same visual element or effect a number of times in the same composition.



Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Rhythm: The presentation of multiple units in a deliberate pattern.
Chakaia Booker

Tara Donavin




Pattern: A design created through systematic repetition. Many patterns are based on a module, or repeated visual unit.
Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Emphasis: Special attention given to some aspect of a composition to increase its prominence.

Petah Coye

Petah Coye

Liza Lou

Liza Lou

Tension: The extension of an object through stretching or bending.
Petah Coye

Petah Coye

Chakaia Booker

Andrea Zittel

Andrea Zittel

Form vs. Function: The Principle is that the shape of a building or object should be primarily based upon its intended or purpose.

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