I. Elements of 3D Design

Styrofoam Project:







Symmetrical Balance: Forms are mirrored on either side of a central axis.

Eva Hesse
Eva Hesse
Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg

Eva Hesse

Asymmetrical Balance: Creates an equilibrium among the visual elements that do not mirror each other on either side of an axis.

Claes Oldenburg
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Brancusi

Hannes Grebin
Henry Moore

Radial Balance: Design elements extend out from a central point, radiating in all directions while anchored in the center.


Louise Bourgois
Louise Bourgois
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Eva Hesse
Eva Hesse

Scale: The size of a form when compared with the human size.

Proportion: The relative size of visual elements within an image.

Eva Hesse
Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg

Emphasis: Gives particular prominence to part of a design.

Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg
Michelangelo Pisteletto
Michelangelo Pisteletto
Claes Oldenburg

Contrast: Created when two or more forces operate in opposition.

Eva Hesse
Richard Serra
Richard Serra
Brancusi
Brancusi

Variety: The use of diverse elements.

Nam June
Nam June
Nam June
Nam June
Louise Nevelson

Repetition: Occurs when the same visual elements are used or effect any number of times within a composition.

Magdalena Abakanowicz
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Claes Oldenburg
Donald Judd
Donald Judd

Rhythm: The organization of these multiple elements or effects into a deliberate pattern.

Richard Serra
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Claes Oldenburg
Judy Chicago